Pregnancy as a biological process is seen by stirring and scallop (1988) as being "a physiological state with duration of 38 to 42 weeks and that goes from the moment of conception to the birth of a new subject" (p. 367), culminating in childbirth, defined The probable date of delivery is calculated from the last menstrual period, which corresponds approximately fifteen days before the time of design (Wingate, 1977). Pregnancy can be divided into three quarters: (1) the first quarter that goes from the 1st to the 11th week of gestation; (2) the second quarter, considered since 12 to the 27th week of gestation; and (3) third quarter, which goes from the 28th week to the moment of childbirth (Fourth & Vieira, 1988).

In the course of pregnancy, several physiological changes occur, being the pregnant woman affected from a physical, physiological and pathological woman. These changes are felt shortly after the moment of conception, having a tendency to aguudize themselves in the course of pregnancy and over the weeks (Ricardo, Feliciano, Coelho & Silva, 1991; Petrie & Williams, 1996). In relation to the present changes, in the beginning of pregnancy, the breasts become turgid and painful, being that pregnancy is advancing this sensation of pain and nuisance disappears, beginning to have a progressive increase in volume. The belly also suffers a volume increase, which is due to an increase in uterus size, and at the end of the pregnancy the uterus should reach, approximately 32 centimeters high. There are also some changes in cutaneous pigmentation, the mammary halo becomes darker, in the middle of the abdomen, a risk of brownish tone, in the face and neck can arise dark spots, to which the name of CLO Another physical change present in almost all pregnant women is related to weight gain, and a woman with a normal weight, should at the end of pregnancy increasing between 11 to 15kg. This weight corresponds, not only the weight of the fetus, but also to the placenta, the watership, the amniotic fluid and the increase in the blood volume (Marreiro, 1988).

According to some authors, there are two fundamental landmarks in maternal adaptations to pregnancy. The first framework is related to the mechanical effects of increased fetus size and consequently, from the increase in uterine / belly size, which encompasses the lordosis of the spine as a compensatory weight increase, and the abdominal compensation of VISCE The second framework is related to endocrine alteration experienced during pregnancy, and which is characterized by the production of hormones of protein origin by the placenta and the fetal pituitary, by the production of steroids by the maternal-fetus-placental unit and by (Petrie & Williams, 1996; Ricardo et al, 1991).

The first hormonal change is due to the production of a hormone so far unknown by the body that has the name of Corionic gonadotrophin, whose objective goes through the maintenance of the yellow body, transforming it into a gravish yellow body, fundamental to maintaining pregnancy during the The progesterone, produced in the first weeks by the yellow body and subsequently, and until the end of the pregnancy, the placenta, has several repercussions in the pregnant woman, namely the decrease of the tonus of the smooth muscles at the level of the stomach, which leads to the The production of this hormone, also leads to the reduction of vascular tonus and consequent decrease in distome tension and increased venous dilatation. This phenomenon will also provide the increase in body temperature, increased fat storage, increased respiratory rate and breast development. In turn, estrogens produced by the ovaries in the initial pregnancy stage also have some consequences in the organism of the pregnant woman, namely the increase in the size of the uterus and the breasts, induction of water retention, reduction of sodium elimination by the body and increase At the level of metabolism, there are also some modifications, including a significant increase in base physiological processes, such as breathing, digestion, secretion, increased body temperature, among others, as a way to adapt to the new needs of the body, in particular.

Large changes are also felt at the gastrointestinal apparatus, respiratory apparatus and cardiovascular level. At this level, the changes are large and have unavoidable repercussions on women with cardiopathies, nephropathies and arterial hypertension, due to the growth of the fetus and the increase of metabolism yet, despite the various modifications suffered by the.